Training Report on Autocad

CONTENTS ?Introduction to AutoCAD ?graphical determinationr interface of AutoCAD ? sees in AutoCAD ? moulds ?Viewports ?Exercises Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 ?3D in AutoCAD ?3D plays ?3D Exercises Sample 1 Sample 2 AutoCAD AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk Inc. , is the most popular PC CAD system available in the market. This concept package is a general purpose ready reck wizr back up design and drafting application for your computer. The speed and ease with which a lottery mint be prepargond and modified using a computer offer a phenomenal advantage over hand preparation.Here Im going to mention a few of the applications for which AutoCAD is being utilize today- waiverhitectural swigs of altogether kinds. Interior designs on facility planning. Drawings for Electronics, Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Automotives and Aerospace plan applications. Theatre set lighting designs. Line cooking for the Fine Arts, Textiles, counterfeit and Dress designing. So me different CAD packages developed by the alike(p) comp some(prenominal)(prenominal) ar- Auto Shade Auto Flix Auto Ketch vitaliser 3D Studio AutoCAD ScreenVarious components of the initial AutoCAD screen are tie beaming area, verify window, menu bar, several toolbars, mystify and layouts, and the status bar (Fig. 1). A designation bar that has AutoCAD symbol and the flow hook oning name is pompousnessed on backsheesh of the screen. write in code 1 AutoCAD Screen ? SCREEN COMPONENTS Drawing Area The design area covers the major portion of the screen. Here we dope draw the intentions and make example of the necessitates. To draw the objects, we posit to define the coordinate auspicates, which tin be ingested by using our pourboireing device Command Window presage 2 Command WindowThe miss window at the bottom of the drawing area has the pedagogy warm where we piece of ass premise the checks. It in like manner let outs the subsequent stir up times and the messages. We rotter change the size of the window by placing the cursor on the fleet edge and then dragging it Application consideration Bar forecast 3 Application Status Bar The Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of the screen (Fig. 3). It contains approximately physical exertionful information and dismissals that leave behind work it easy to change the status of some AutoCAD functions. We coffin nail render among on and off states of most of these functions by choosing them. Coordinates The coordinates information is displayed on the remaining(p)-hand(a) corner of the Status Bar. We fecal matter shoot this coordinate barelyton to toggle amongst on and off states. If the COORDS system variable restricts the type of display of coordinates. ?Snap Mode The snap mode all in allows you to spark off the cursor in fixed increments. If snap mode is on, the Snap Mode push preciselyton is elect in the Status Bar separatewise it is not displayed. ?Grid sc reening The grid posts are physical exertion as a part pedigrees to draw objects in AutoCAD. If the Grid Display button is chosen, the grid lines are displayed on the screen. Ortho Mode If the Ortho Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar, we sack draw lines at decentlyly tilts barely. ?glacial Tracking If we turn the north-polar tracking on, the movement of cursor is restricted along a course of instruction brutishd on set as the polar angle settings. Choosing the Polar Tracking button in the Status Bar turns it on. Remember that spell the polar tracking on, automatically turns off the ortho mode. ? ? target Snap When the Object Snap button is chosen in the Status Bar, we trick use the running object snaps to snap a blot. ?Allow/Disallow high-powered UCSChoosing the button allows or disallows the use of dynamic UCS. Allowing the dynamic UCS ensures that the XY plane of the UCS got dynamically aligned with the pick outed face of the model. ?Dynamic Input The Dynamic input button is utilise to turn the Dynamic Input on or off. bend it on facilitates the heads-up design approach because all expects, immediates and the dimensional inputs allow for now be displayed in the drawing area and we do not need to look at the ascertain prompt all the time. This saves the design time and also cast ups the efficiency of the user. ?Show/Hide LineweightChoosing this button in the Status Bar allows you to turn on or off the display of lineweights in the drawing. ?Model The Model button is chosen by thoughtlessness because you are working in the model space to piss drawings. ? greenback Scale The notational system descale controls the size and display of the annotative objects in the model space. The Annotation Scale button has a drop-down list that displays all the annotation scales available for the current drawing. ?Annotation Visibility This button is utilise to control the visibility of the annotative objects that do not support the current ann otation scale in drawing area. Automatically Add Scale This button, if chosen, automatically adds all the annotation scales that are set current to all the annotative objects present in the drawing. ?Quick Properties If you conduct a reported entity when this button is chosen in the Status Bar, the properties of selected entity give be displayed in a panel. ? COMMANDS LINE Line financial statement is utilize to draw a continuing series of line segments, but each line segment is a separate object. We jakes put forward the LINE leave out from the Draw toolbar, as shown in fig. 4 Figure 4 Draw ToolbarWe back tooth also take to task the LINE teaching by entering LINE or L at the control condition prompt. Once you engage invoked the LINE instruction, the next prompt, the throttle premier consign, requires us to propound the graduation header. After depression argue is selected, AutoCAD will prompt you to enter the befriend phase at the pose next point prompt. A t this point we may continue to select points or reverse the LINE require by evokeing discharge, ESC, or the SPACEBAR. The prompt installment of invoking LINE program line is as follows Command LINE interpose swear basic point Move the cursor (mouse) and left polish off to assign the first point. denominate next point or tease apart Move the cursor and left prattle to express the jiffy point. deposit next point or Undo Specify the third point. Specify next point or Close/Undo pull in. (Press ENTER to exit LINE ascendence. ) XLINE The XLINE educational activity mint be used to draw manifestation or projection lines. These lines are the lines that aid in construction or projection and are drawn very lightly, when manual of armsly drafting. An xline (construction line) is a 3D line that extends to infinity at both ends. As the line is infinite in length, it does not have any end points.The prompt range of invoking the XLINE assure is as follows Command XLINE En ter Specify a point or Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Offset Specify an preference or select a point through which the xline will pass. PLINE The PLINE dominate is used to draw a polyline. A polyline is a line that has divers(prenominal) features. The term POLYLINE cigaret be broken into ii parts POLY and LINE. POLY means many. This signifies that a poly line can have many lines. Some features of polylines are listed next. Polylines can be thick lines with a desired width. They are very flexible and can be used to draw any shape, such as a adjoined pass well-nigh or a doughnut.Polylines can be used to draw objects in any line type. Advanced contracting takes can be used to prune them (for example, the PEDIT command). The command prompt for invoking the PLINE command is as follows Command PLINE Enter Specify start point Specify the starting point or enter its coordinates. online line width is nn. nnn Current line width is nn. nnn is displayed automatically, which indicates the width o f the polyline drawn. If we need a different width, invoke the Width extract at the next prompt and set it. attached the following prompt is displayed.Specify next point or Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width Specify next point or enter an cream. POLYGON A regular polygon is a closed geometric figure with oppose sides. The yield of side varies from 3 to 1024. For example, a triangle is a deuce-ace sided polygon and a pentagon is a five sided polygon. In AutoCAD, the POLYGON command is used to draw regular 2D polygons. A polygon is tell to be rubd when it is drawn inside an imaginary round of golf and its vertices gibe the circle. Likewise, a polygon is circumscribed when it is drawn outside imaginary circle and sides of polygon are tangent to circle.We can easily choose one option from these cardinal available options during the invoking process. The prompt sequence of invoking POLYGON command is effrontery next. Command POLYGON Enter Enter number of sides Enter a value amid 3 and 1024. Specify philia of polygon Specify the center point or enter its coordinates. Enter an option Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle Enter I or C. Specify radius of circle Specify the radius of circle, which will inscribe or circumscribe the polygon. RECTANG The RECTANG command is used to draw rectangles in AutoCAD.We can draw rectangles by assigning two opposite corners of the rectangle, by specifying the area and the size of one of the sides, or by specifying the dimensions of rectangles. The prompt sequence of invoking RECTANG command is as follows Command RECTANG Enter Specify first corner point or Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width Specify first corner point or enter its coordinates. Specify other corner point or Area/Dimensions/Rotation Specify opposite corner point or enter its coordinates. flex An curve is be as a part of a circle. In AutoCAD, it can be drawn using the ARC command.AutoCAD provides eleven different options to draw an arc. T o view these options, dog on Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout option will appear as shown in fig. 5 Figure 5 Options in Menu Bar for Creating an Arc The default setting is for creating a ternary point arc. The command prompt for invoking ARC command is as follows Command ARC Enter Specify start point of arc or revolve around Specify first point of arc or enter its coordinates. Specify second point of arc or Center/End Specify the through point for arc or enter its coordinates. Specify the end point of arc Specify the end point or enter its coordinates.CIRCLE The CIRCLE command is used to draw circles. AutoCAD provides hexad different options to draw a circle. To view and choose from the available options, imbue on Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout will appear as shown in fig. 6 Figure 6 Options in Menu Bar for creating a Circle The default setting is for creating a circle with Center and Radius option. The other options can be invoked by entering the appropriate lette r in the command window or by the method stated earlier. The prompt sequence for invoking CIRCLE command is stated next. Command CIRCLE EnterSpecify center point for circle or 3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius) Specify center point or enter its coordinates. Specify radius of circle or Diameter Enter the required value of radius. oval If a circle is observed from an angle, the shape is called an ellipse, which can be created in AutoCAD using the ELLIPSE command. An ellipse can be created by two different options and these options are grouped together in the Draw option of the Menu Bar as shown in fig. 7 Figure 7 Options in Menu Bar for creating an Ellipse The default setting is for creating an ellipse with Axis and End point option.The Other options can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command window or by method stated above. The prompt sequence for invoking ELLIPSE command is stated next. Command ELLIPSE Enter Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or Arc/Center Enter coo rdinates of axis end point or choose an option. Specify other endpoint of axis Specify other end point or enter its coordinates. Specify length to the other axis or rotation Specify the half length of second axis. use up After drawing some objects, you may need to erase some of them from the screen. To erase, we can use ERASE command in AutoCAD.This command is used exactly the kindred way as an eraser is used in manual drafting to delete un inadequacyed information. We can invoke ERASE command from the Modify toolbar Figure 8 Modify Toolbar When we invoke the ERASE command, a small misfortune, known as pick box, replaces the screen cursor. To erase an object, move the pick box so that it touches the object. Select the object. AutoCAD confirms the selection by ever-changing the selected objects into dashed lines and the select objects prompt returns again. We can continue selecting objects or press ENTER to terminate object selection and erase the selected objects.The prompt sequ ence is given next. Command ERASE Enter Select objects Select first object. Select objects Select second object. Select objects Enter simulate The COPY command is used to copy an existing object. This command makes copies of the selected objects and places them at qualify locations, but the orignals are left intact. In this command we need to select the objects and specify the base point. Next we need to specify the second point, this point is where we want the copied objects to be placed. The prompt sequence that is followed when you invoke COPY command is given next.Command COPY Enter Select objects Select objects to copy. Select objects Enter Specify base point or Displacement/mOde Specify base point. Specify second point or Specify a new model on the screen using pointing device or entering coordinates. Specify second point or Exit/Undo Enter MIRROR The MIRROR command creates a mirror copy of the selected objects. The objects can be mirrored at any angle. This command is helpful in drawing symmetrical figures. This command is available in Modify toolbar but it can be invoked by using command window as well.When we invoke this command, AutoCAD prompts us to select the objects and then the mirror line. After we select the objects to be mirrored, AutoCAD prompts you to enter the first point of mirror line and the second point of mirror line. A mirror line is an imaginary line about which objects are reflected. We can specify the end point of mirror line by specifying points on screen or by entering their coordinates. The mirror line can be selected at any angle. The prompt sequence of invoking MIRROR command is given next. Command MIRROR Enter Select objects Select objects to be mirrored. Select objects EnterSpecify first point of mirror line Specify the first endpoint. Specify second point of mirror line Specify the second endpoint. Delete mention objects? Yes/No Enter Y for deletion, N for retaining the objects. OFFSET To draw parallel lines, con centric circles, arcs, curves, and so on, we can use the OFFSET command. This command creates other object that is similar to the selected one. Remember that we are allowed to select hardly one entity at a time to be offset. While offsetting an object, we can specify the offset distance and the side to offset, or we can specify a distance through which you want to offset the selected object.The prompt sequence which follows when we invoke OFFSET command using command window is given next. Command OFFSET Enter Specify offset distance or Through/Erase/Layer Specify the offset distance. Through Option Using this option we do not need to specify a distance we only when specify an offset point and the distance between them is stored as offset distance. Erase Option The Erase option is used to specify whether the source object has to be deleted or not. Layer Option Use the Layer option to specify whether the offset entity will be placed in the current layer or the layer of source ob ject. Specify the object to offset or Exit/Undo Specify the object to offset. Specify point on side to offset or Specify a point on side to offset. Select object to offset or Exit/Undo Select another object to offset or press Enter. rate An roam is defined as the method of creating multiple copies of the selected object and arranging them in a angulate or circular fashion. In some drawings, we may need to specify an object multiple times in a rectangular or circular arrangement. For example, suppose you have to draw six chairs roughly a hold over.This job can be accomplished by drawing each chair seperately or by using the COPY command tomake multiple copies of the chair. But it is a very tedious process and also the alignment of the chairs will have to be adjusted. Using ARRAY command, all we need to do is create just one chair and the rest five will be created and automatically arranged around the table by the ARRAY command. This method is more(prenominal) efficient and less time-consuming. ARRAY command can be invoked by different methods such as from Modify toolbar, or by making use of the Command Window, or from the Modify option of Menu Bar.RECTANGULAR ARRAY A rectangular set about is formed by making copies of the selected object along the X and Y directions of an imaginary rectangle (along actors lines and tugboats). It can be created by selecting the Rectangular set forth button in the array dialog box (fig. 9) that appears on invoking ARRAY comand. ROWS This couch box is used to specify the number of rows in rectangular array. COLUMNS This geld box is used to specify the number of columns in the rectangular array. Figure 9 Rectangular Array option in Array dialog box Offset distance and direction AreaThe options under this area are used to define the distance between the rows and the columns and the angle of array. Row Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the rows. We can every enter the distance value in t his edit box or choose the Pick Row Offset button to define the row offset distance by specifying two points on screen. Column Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the columns. We can either enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Column Offset button to define the column offset distance by specifying two points on screen. lean of Arrray. This edit box is used to define the angle of array. This is the value by which the rows and columns will be rotated. POLAR ARRAY A polar array is an arrangement of the objects around a point in a circular fashion. This kind of array is created by selecting the Polar Array button in the Array dialog box (fig. 10) that appears on invoking ARRAY command. Figure 10 Polar Array option in Arrray dialog box CENTER POINT The center point of the array is defined as the point around which the selected items will be arranged.It is defined as the center point of the imaginary circle on whose circumference the items will be placed. The coordinates of the center of array can be specified in the X and Y edit boxes. We can either enter the values in these edit boxes or select the center point of array from the screen using Pick Center Point button. Method and values Area The options under this area are used to set the parameters related to the method that will be occupied to create the polar array. Method. This drop-down list provides us three methods for creating the polar array. These three methods are discussed next. heart number of items & Angle to film.This method is used to create a polar array specifying number of items in array an the full included angle between the first and the last item. The number of items and the angle to be filled can be specified in the tally number of items and Angle to fill edit boxes respectively. We can also specify the angle to fill on screen by choosing Angle to fill button provided. Total number of items & Angle between items. This method is used when w e want to create a polar array by specifying the follow number of items in the array and the included angle between two adjacent items. The angle between items is also called as incremental angle.The number items and the angle between the items can be specified in the Total number of items and Angle between items edit boxes,respectively. We can also specify theangle between items on the screen by choosing Angle between items button. Angle to fill & Angle between items. This method is used when we want to specifyangle between the items and total angle to fill. In this case the number of items is not specified, but is automatically calculated using the total angle and angle between the items. The angle to fill and the angle between the items can be entered in their respective boxes. MOVESometimes the objects are not located where they should actually be. In these situations, we can use the MOVE command. This command allows you to move one or more objects from their current location t o a new location. This change of location of the objects does not change their size or orientation. On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be moved and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be picked and moved. ? ROTATE Sometimes we requires an object or any written report in angular position. the. In these situations, we can use the ROTATE command.This command allows you to rotate one or more objects from their current location to a specific angle. This change of of the objects does not change their size. On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be rotated and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be rotated. subdue With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of any object or a sketch. Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes. So in this situation, we can use the SCALE command. This command allows you to scale one or more objects from the selected base point.On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be scaled and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be scaled. STRETCH With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of some selected part of any object in a specific direction. In this command, the sketch is stretched as much we required. Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes some part of the sketched object. So in this situation, we can use the STRETCH command. This command allows you to stretch the objects from the selected base point.On invoking this command we are prompted to select the portion to be scaled with the help of green window and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be stretched. TRIM With the use of this command, we can remove the line or any sketched entity. In this command, the sketch is trimmed as much we required. It removes the extra drawn line or sketch as per our specific requirement. This command allows you to trim the objects from the selected side. On invoking this command, we have to right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to left click on the portion to be trimmed.EXTEND With the use of this command, we can increase the line the line upto the specific point or location. In this command, the sketch is extended as much we required. It removes the extra drawn line or sketch as per our specific requirement. On invoking this command, we have to right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to left click on the portion to be extend. col AT A POINT With the use of this command, we can flush it the line at a point where we required. In this command, the sketch is broken from that point where we required. We can create the number of break points as much we required.On invoking this command, we have to select the line and subsequently that click on that point from where we want to break the selected line, after using this command the line or any selected entity will be converted into numbers. BREAK With the use of this command, we can break the line with a specific distance or upto a specific point as much we required. On invoking this command, we have to select the point on the line and after that click on that point upto where we want to break the line. After using this command on the line or any selected entity, there will be space between the slelected points in the line or entity.JOIN With the use of this command, we can join the line drawn or placed in the same plane. On invoking this command, we have to select the first line and after that second line placed at the same plane and then right click. After using this command , there will be no space between the lines or entities. CHAMFER This command is used for removing the crafty corners. On invoking this command, we have to press A then ENTER, after that fill the d istance and then ENTER, then fill the value of ANGLE and ENTER, after that select the line on which we want to create the chamfer. FILLETThis command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this command, we have to press R then ENTER, after that fill the value and then ENTER, after that select the lines on which we want to create the radius. REGION This command is used for converting the relation of LINE into POLYLINE. forward using this command the sketch should be closed from all sides. On invoking this command, we have to select all lines and then right click. EXPLODE This command is used for converting the relation of POLYLINE into LINE. On invoking this command, we have to select the POLYLINE and then right click. EXERCISE NO 1-