Values and Ethics in America Case Study

BA 3102 Summer 2, 2012 Video Case Assignment annihilate Game Values and Ethics in America 1. The most good decision is if she twirls left into town and report the chance to the police. Even if she enchantments herself in and jeopardizes to fall back her school-funding confess, she knows she did the reform thing and her conscious is clean. She excited a fatal accident that killed the other driver, which means she must report to the police. If she doesnt, consequently her friend should turn her in and help her for the long run. Human moral and respectable value ar more important then the award for the school grant and repute in the company.In the Deckop Chapter article-Theoretical Bases for Analyzing the Ethics of a Decision, it compares the utilitarianism and universalism theories. It states that utilitarianism is regarding the superior good for the greatest number and the ends justify the means. Its non ethical to disregard the law and serve the greater good. If she w as killed in a deadly car accident, Im sure she would want soul to report her death to the police who would later notify her loved ones. streak outside(a) from an accident is not only unethical, but is also a crime and there is no justification for it.The consequences of fleeing a crime characterisation is more severe than turning yourself in. The pressures of a situation may cause one to apply self-serving biases that while in the short-run step to the fore acceptable, in the long-run result in damage to ones firm, career or self in terms of staying true to ethical principals and human moral philosophy(Desktop, 2008). I strongly agree with this statement. If she wont report to the police, and deny what she did, she would be living with her guilt knowing she knew what was the right thing to do, but she made the wrong decision.By knowing she is answerable for individuals life and didnt notify anybody, in the long run, it forget destroy her emotionally (guilt, depression or e ven suicide). 2. I conceptualise I made the right choice for Julia because either way she would bedevil had to face the consequences. If she turns herself into the police, most uniformly she would get arrested for drinking and driving. She would possibly lose her school-funding grant that all her students dependent on her. She would also lose her reputation as being a good teacher, but one thing she would be acknowledged for is that she was honest and admitted for her action.However, if she dont turn herself in, she would corroborate to live on the rest of her life guilty knowing she hided the accuracy. In the long run the truth will be revealed. Part 3 doesnt change anything for me, because I knew that the follow-up would be that she would hide the truth in order not to damage her reputation in the school, along with not letting her students down. Running away from reality is always easier then facing the truth and admitting for our wrongdoings. Many companies think they can g et away with fraud or unethical decision-making, until they either get caught or they turn themselves in.You need to know where to draw the line between personal accountability and accountability. 3. My decision in question 1 is more consistent with universalism then utilitarianism because universalism focuses on ethical decision making, assuming the decision-maker is following the right morals and values. For example, Julia should report to the police and turn herself in, just as if her loved ones would like to know if she was in a fatal car accident and who is responsible for her death.Also the universalism theory states that everybody is equal and moral ethics apply to everyone no payoff what background or culture you are from. Universal ethics explains which behaviors are right or wrong. These ethical standards apply to everybody worldwide. Its something that a utter(a) person is supposed to adhere to and believe in, just like manners that you learn from home. Most manners a re universal, though some set forth from culture to culture. As a result, I strongly agree with the universalism decision-making tool.

Marie Antoinette: History as a problem in film

When unity thinks of the Coppola, unity inevitably thinks of the big(p) Francis Ford, whose dramatic Godfather movies own set the bar for dramatic storytelling and bourgeoning for generations of filmmakers to come. However, recently, the greener Coppola, Sofia, has taken all over the moviemaking role, and has sought to reinvent the diachronic story of Marie Antoinette, the infamous French business leader beheaded at the st artistic production of the French renewing. However, for those expecting a serious, dour, and diachronicly fun by play rendering of the tragic ( nearly say s rousedalous) life of the queen, they ar in for somewhat of a surprise.Indeed, the intentionally contemporary, optically stunning wrap on the well-known tale is jar in its departures from traditional historic thought. So, too the optic liberties do frequently to literally force the earr separately to see the young queen from a different perspective. The problem is, however, although Coppola chamberpot assert that her attempt is an artistic one, it is as well one of manipulation.That is because in the end, the audition is fully aw be of the juxtaposition of their revolutionary, interpretation of Antoinette as delivered by the film, with the fire force of historical fact (in as much as we ar aware). This departure from macrocosm eventually leaves the listening feeling a bit cheated, as if the visual, auditory, and even literary ministrations of Coppola on the story squander been vigor but a cheap tricka meandering of flightiness intentionally downplaying the legitimate tragedy of Antoinettes death and the serious principles throne the French Revolution.To be sure, Coppolas Marie Antoinette is beautiful. Released in 2006, the film is set and shoot in Versailles. The earshot meets the young queen as a new bride, delivered from her native Austria to the bosom of the French salute. From the beginning, Antoinette is presented as gentle, roughly simple, and lovable hearted touch on with leaving her family and her beloved pet dog behind to start a new life of duty and service at the behest of her family.Almost as striking as the gentleness of the queen, the visual imagery of the film is without par. The warps are as vibrant as any 50s Technicolor dream, and the suppress is consistently resplendent with bright pinks, blues and pastel wonders beyond imagination. This is specially unfeigned of the costuming, which is rendered in striking richness both in color and texturehelping to evoke the extravagant luxury of the French courtyard and the life of the queen.In addition to the visually descriptive nature of the film, Antoinettes affinity with her hubby is pictured as amazingly genteel, with her displaying endless patience for her husbands quirky panaches and obvious lack of sexual prowess. Further, her grave role as a mother and bearer of heirs is portrayed convincingly, with visual ( just) mention of the death of one of her chil dren in infancy.However, apart from this reflection of historical trivia, the film does little to delve deeply into any of the issues of the measure, or of Antoinettes life. Further, even the casting of the Statesns Kirsten Dunst and Jason Shwartzman waits to function as a way to move the film away from historical accuracy, if only in the audiences mind. This is particularly true when one hears the somewhat jarring sound of Dunsts and Shwartzmans flat American accents against the stylized French-accented comments of the whore of the Court.Although one could say that Coppolas enactment of Antoinette in such(prenominal) a candy-pink, innocent and accommodating fashion ( perchance more devoid of malice out-of-pocket to her straight forward and simple American twang) could be authentic in that some of it describes the queens relative youth and innocence as she entered the court. However, this does non progress to change magnitude mazyity, and the audience does non see her incre ased politicialization that by all historical accounts marks the last years of her life.Indeed, as historians denominate out, Marie Antoinette was political, some say a bit of an activist, determined to stand pat the changes brewing in the midst of the growing revolutionary fervor in the country. In fact, the movie seems to curiously, if perhaps, intentionally stay away from any true politicalization, ugliness, unrest or upheaval. Apart from one or two references to the hoi polloi being hungry and their not being enough bread, one entirely does not see the gross slew or their plight at all.What revolution?,the audience may wonder (perhaps more so amongst nows less educated tween moviegoers). Indeed, as the film closes, we are go away with nary a glimpse in to the tragic fate of the queen. Further, one would not imagine too horrible a fate, after all, match to Coppolas portrayal, Antoinette would never arrive been so callous as to put on said, Let them eat cake Certainly s he was too good for that after all, didnt she give up getting new diamonds so that the people may eat?In addition to the creative storytelling that Coppola entertains throughout the film, the music, itself sets the soundtrack as a kind of point-making device to advertise help the audience to separate with the kind queen. Strains of outstandingly upbeat popular music (Bow Wow, Cindy Lauper) make everything seem more innocent, and heck, cant the audience see they are further like us, not so foreign, not so historicYes, it could have been any wealthy American or European girl in her shoes. One can even see Paris Hilton in Versailles. downstairs this discussion, Antoinette seems less distant, complex, serious, and significant in history. Indeed, all of the messages gleaned from her experiences and narrative seem to pass away to the tune. Yes, some classical music is incorporated into the film, but only after the jarring point of the modern has been thoroughly made.Although the ci nematic techniques use by Coppola definitely lead the audience to reinterpret history, several of the references to historical fact are accurate. After all, the French did help the young America against Great Britain, and they did deplete sizable financial stores from France (exacerbating the plight of the poor) (Brinton, 1963). However, by the time these historical points are made in the film, the other visual, dialogue, and tonal points have been made. Historical errors and downright tragedies of perception seem insignificant, just another point of verbal backdrop rather than pivotal junction.In addition to the twisting of the audiences perception of Antoinette as a function of tone (visual, dialogue, etc), Coppola also departs from historical fact to presumably make the movie more fire to its audiencewho are perhaps used to a Dangerous Liaisons kind of film. Indeed, in departing from established historical fact and blithely embracing a supposed extramarital affair between Antoi nette and the Count von Ferson, Coppila goes out of her way to add to history, simply for the frolic value.Although one cannot defiantly prove that such an affair did not occur in truth, historical sources do not indicate that it did. This is hardly a trivial point in that it further contemporizes Antoinette, implying that such takes were commonplace (as they are today), and carried little consequences. The historical and religious reality of Antoinettes times were all to different, with serious consequences for both royal and common wives who strayed from the marriage bed. Of course none of these issues are dealt with and the whole affair is portrayed as just one more pleasant visual intermezzo among many, without meaning or serious interpretation.Given all this, if one were to accept that Coppola did in fact deliberately attempt to use cinematic devices and storytelling in come in to create a new version of the story, is this problematic? If such a film were simple entertainm ent the answer would be no. However, the hassle that comes along with dealing with a historical depicted object is that there is some expectation from the audience that an attempt toward accuracy be made. Yes, costumes in the Antoinette court were probably very pretty.The queen energy have been innocent, kind, sweet even. mayhap she never did say let them eat cake. Such an assertion would not be new (1963). However, using technique to reframe the events of the movie, be it through music, cinematography or dialogue creates either a problem with history itselfin essence changing it for the audience if they are impressionable, or though creating defeat or even anger in those who know betterand perhaps feel more than a bit cheated that the association of the character with the formation event of her times (the Revolution) was all but overlooked in film.Although Coppola, herself has express that it was not her intention to deal with politics or the political reality of her win (Du dec, 2006), she doesif by omission. In fact, her infamous statement, Marie Antoinette was not enkindle in politics, so why should I be? (2006) is problematic on many levels. First, in its erroneous assumption that Antoinette was not interested in politics, she indicates a real unfamiliarity with her protagonist which is troubling. Second, by not being interested in politics, one has to wonder at the appropriateness of Coppola dealing with the subject matter at all. Can one imagine, for instance, Frances Ford Coppola asserting, I am not interested in organized crime.?Coppolas troubling office and treatment of the subject matter was so striking when the movie was screened in Cannes that the audience actually booed the film. This may be in part ascribable to the fact that Coppila did not take her information from respected historical sources. Instead, she almost exclusively drew from Antonia Frasers contemporary biography, which itself is rife with similar flaws and omissions to the movie.In the end, the audience is never privy to the meat of the Antoinette storya story that the young female audience members that Coppila obviously targets could only learn from. For example, she never showcases her strength, intelligence, or real power. She does not take time to fully draw the massive political opinion and pressures against her as a foreign queen, nor does she deal with the complex nature of her death, the differences between rumor and political reality.Of course, this is not to say that the film does not have its fans. In fact, even among French audiences some appreciated the way in which Marie Antoinette was played outside of the norm. Although some might turn over that some French critics may be pleased that a large Hollywood producer would deal with the subject at all, one can assume that some found genuine satisfaction in the portrayalpuzzling or no.Thus, the problems with the film hinge directly on the historical material. Given any other non-historical subject matter, the same story might be just fine. An afternoon of entertainment and lavish visual effects. However, by choosing a historical subjectand an emotional one at that, Coppila evokes much more than she may intend. Further, the reactions of audiences must be interpreted in the condition of the subject matter, not simply on the basis of film quality, direction, art or sensibility.Audiences either like the film or hate itand each opinion carries with it serious implications. After all, if one likes the film what does that say nearly ones view or knowledge of history? Has the conjury of film influenced that opinion, and by continuation, ones historical view? Conversely, should one hate the film, would that person lack the ability to appreciate the violator of the visual art in the film? Or, instead, does ones consciousness of the subject matter as history prohibit any such range?In the end, Coppolas decision to use history as her cogitate may be the downfall of the fil m. This because history demands a certain treatment in order to be molded into entertainment. One cannot mould entertainment into historyit simply smacks of hollowness and superficialitytwo of the most common criticisms of the film.Worse, one can see that (as in the case with this film), even in the presence of some truly spectacular cinematography and visual beautynot to mention some pretty significant financial investments, it is not enough to overcome the historical liberties taken with the film. It is as if her subject matter has become her stumbling block. To be sure, one can assert that the film is great in part. However, in part is not enough for true greatness. No, Marie Antoinette leave be no Lawrence of Arabia, enjoyed for generations to comeand isnt that the true test of a films merit?Works CitedBrinton, Crane. A Decade of Revolution 1789-1799. Harper and Row, 1963.Dudec, A. Cannes reality check. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 25, May 2006. Retrieved on April 23, 2007, from , http//findarticles.com/?noadc=1

How To Manage Conflict Essay

Managing fighting is never easy, whether youre trying to resolve a encroach of your avouch or trying to assistant dickens concourse settle a dispute. The most important amour to know is that the longer you let the home continue, the worse itll be when its clip to resolve it. So aspire a deep breath, maintain your cool, and get ready to regulate a radical that smoke line every(prenominal) ane (reasonably) elated. 1. posit a plan for meeting. If twain masses argon genuinely in contradict and you want to patron them or they need your friend accordingly you should plan a m to meet that would come upon everybody happy. Of course, you may in effect(p) walk into a conflict and encounter to solve it on the spur of the moment, further hopefully you assume or so prison term to plan in advance. If so, dissipate a time and place that fakes for some(prenominal)(prenominal) people, and profess sure that they atomic number 18 twain invested in solving the co nflict. If theres real issue, then the quite you bath get together, the better. Ad2.let tout ensemble(prenominal) individual deposit his or her side of the story. If you argon in charge of managing a conflict, whether its because youre a manager or because youre back uping two people imagine verboten their issues, you eat to be an active nameener. permit each(prenominal) somebody express his or her position and listen with blessing and care until each person has stated his or her feelings and desires. take upt let the people interrupt each different and make it make water that each person get out take turns fully explaining him or her self.1 Make sure that two people are really listening to each different instead of just waiting until their turn to have their say. If necessary, have unmatched person repeat some of the main points the other person made, so its clear that they two have an understanding of how each person is feeling. 3.3Make it clear that you ar e there to patron resolve, not solve. The people who are in conflict must figure out how to move erstwhile(prenominal) their riddles on their own, not look to you for a magical solution that go away make all of their problems go away. You should make this clear from the start so two parties know that they have to work hard and listen actively before they hobo moveforward. You are there to mediate so the conflict doesnt get out of control and so that both parties entirelyt joint look at the government agency with more objectivity and control, merely that doesnt pixilated you will displace them with an answer.4Maintain your objectivity. Even if you think that Lucy is obviously in the remunerate and Mary is 100% wrong, it is not your position to say so. If you jump in on Lucys side, then Mary will feel interchangeable youre both ganging up against her and the conflict will be in time further from a resolution. Instead, keep your own personal opinions and ideas out of it and conduct each persons perspective with compassion and respect. Even if one person is more right than the other, they both still have to equal a solution that can reasonably please both of them. If youre mediating a conflict, then you should pay equal attention to both people. Let each person spend around the same amount of time speaking and make points that support both people instead of just focussinging on one person or the other. Maintain a neutral expression, and try not to look put move out or skeptical if one person is stating something you befoolt agree with at all. 5.5Be a calming force. One of your primary tasks is to help both people keep their cool. Manage their stress levels, their anger, and their emotions to the best of your ability. If person is getting too het, raising his or her voice, and getting visibly unfounded or upset, take a five-minute break or ask that person to take a few deep breaths and wait until he or she can speak calmly. You can only fin d a solution if both people cheque calm and can see cl too soon.2 If the communication is not going down a constructive path, and both people have resorted to name calling and cursing and just criticizing each other back and forth without getting anywhere, then you should intervene and get the converse back on track. You can say something like, Lets focus on whats important here, or Were just not getting anywhere with this frame of talk.6Figure out the witnesser of the tension. Once both people have stated theircases, you can help them figure out what is really at stake. They may think that they are really angry at each other because of financial tension, but they may really be upset because of a lack of communication. Be as specific. Have each person discuss all of the things that are troubling him or her and see if you can really find the patch up of the problem. Be patient. It may take a smear of digging and some pain to get there. If you can put it in simple terms, some thing like, dockage feels that Mary is micromanaging his bulge or Sara feels like Jim doesnt spend adequacy quality time with her, then you can begin to tackle the problem better than if you just k newfound that the two people were angry with each other.7Work together to find a solution. Once you have all agreed on the source of the tension and the problem that is at hand, you can begin to find a solution. Remember that both people do have to agree about the nature of the real problem to be able to find an effective solution. It may not be pronto apparent, and you may need some perseverance and creativity to get there, but eventually, you should be able to find a way to make both people (reasonably) happy. Here are some potential solutions you may find and ship canal to state them gracefully It seems like both of you are having trouble living together. Sara may be a bit too rivet on being neat, while Mary may be a bit careless when it comes to doing chores.To solve the problem, you should set out a list of guidelines for how you can both keep the house clean without running into trouble. If you both agree to do the things on the list, then you can stay happy in your living space. It seems that Bob has been managing Clark a little too closely. To overturn this in the future, Bob and Clark can discuss the objectives of a project in great detail and can decide on times when they can both check in about the status of the project this will make Bob feel at ease about where the project is going, while giving Clark a little bit of breathing room.8Make a plan. Once youve found a resolution for the problem, you can set out specific guidelines for making it happen. Remember that both people have to be invested in finding this solution. You can set a timeline for achievingthese goals and have both people put it in writing so they feel that it will actually happen. Here are some ways it can happen Mary and Sara should sit down and discuss which things in the house ha ve to stay clean at all times, and which split should be cleaned occasionally for an superfluous nice touch. Once you agree on the daily chores that really need to be done, you can make a chart of rotating tasks. Bob and Clark should meet for an hour before every new project, taking at least two detailed pages of bills so that Clark has comely direction to go take away on his own. They should meet every common chord days for half an hour to discuss the progress of the project.9If both parties agree to disagree, help them part amicably. Maybe neither person, or one of the people, is unwilling to budge, and after much(prenominal) discussion, you havent moved past square one. If thats the case, then you should still make it so that one person understands where the other is coming from and that they can leave the situation without extra hostility or tension. Maybe Bob cant help but breathe down Clarks neck or Sara will unceasingly be messy no matter what if thats the case, then they have to find a way to coexist or make a smart plan for parting ways. Consider the fact that perchance both people just arent ready to resolve the conflict and need more time to cool off. If you feel like the aim is getting nowhere because both people are too heated and emotional, not because they refuse to budge from their positions, then consider asking both people reschedule your meeting for a time when both parties can think more clearly.10End the conversation on a positive note. Whether both parties have reached a healthy conclusion or have agreed to disagree, you should end the situation on an optimistic note so neither person feels defeated. If both parties are feeling friendly, go out for a coffee or a beer if both parties are still very angry, try to diffuse the situation with a bit of humor and see if theyll at least shake hands and stay cordial. If emotions are too heated, then its time for everyone to back off for a bit, but if the vibe is positive, make the people feel goodly about having the conversation. Remind both parties that, however unpleasant it may be to discuss a conflict, thatthey have been mature and done the right thing by deciding to resolve the situation instead of staying angry or avoiding the tension. Method 2 of 2 Managing Your Own Conflicts1.Face the conflict head-on. If youre dealing with a conflict of your own, then the worst thing you can do is run and hide, waiting for the conflict to get big and bigger until its almost impossible to resolve it. Sure, conflict is no fun, whether youre butting heads with a workfellow or your long-term boyfriend, but remind yourself that if you coppice your problems under the rug, then they are guaranteed to get worse. So take a deep breath and accept that you have to deal with it.3 That being said, pick your battles. If you feel like your boyfriend has been neglecting you, then speak up but if you feel like you dont like the way he loads the dishwater, maybe its better to hold off.2 Dont tell everyone about it. Its okay to seek advice from a close friend or another co-worker if you genuinely dont know what to do. But if you feel the urge to complain to every person in sight about the conflict just so you can gossip or get some anger off your chest, then youre only getting yourself worked up and possibly position your relationship in jeopardy if the other person finds out about what youve been saying. If you do need advice, then talk to just one or two people whom you really trust so you can have some look oningful direction.4 Think about it how would you feel if you heard your co-worker was telling everyone in the office about your problems without talking to you about it? That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make you feel worse.3Use I statements. I statements are crucial for solving a conflict as objectively as possible. I statements make your feelings and motives clear and can help the other person see your side of the story without feeling accused or per secuted You statements make the other party feel like he orshe is on the chopping block and will make him or her feel much more defensive. Here are some ways to make useable I statements I feel like we havent been spending enough time together is more effective than You are always neglecting me. I feel like Ive been picking up the bulk of the work on the project, is more effective than You have been making me do all of the work on this project.4Be specific. This doesnt mean you have to list the 90 things that the person has done to hurt you or to cause the conflict. In fact, this kind of behavior will only make the person feel worse, like hes being picked apart. Instead, grow to two or three concrete scenarios that can illustrate what you mean to make the person see the situation from your perspective. Here are some examples I was really hurt when you left my birthday party early to hang out with your friends instead of spending more time with me. I spent ten hours on the Roberts report while you only worked on the cover page.

Opportunity and Threat of Cadbury

Opportunity archetypical of all , Cadbury should increase in regimenstuff potential of growth counties. Especially expand into the emerging securities industrys of Nigeria ,China and Russia, based on their growing populations, increasing consumer wealth and increasing demand for confectionery products. So that It would be a potential market for Cadbury. Moreover , based on their strong brand name , Cadbury can try doing different types of businesses equal innovatively doing Co-Brand Marketing with other brand industries . Ingredient branding in food industries for drill published cocoa milk ,ice cream even chocolate tofu pudding.Also doing complementary branding like published tee shirt and accessories . Besides the market , Cadbury should responds to change in consumer tastes and preferences because consumers be more caution health nowadays , belittled-fat, organic and natural confectionery demand appears more stronger . So that a healthier snacks with lower calories n eed to be developed. For pillowcase Cadbury should launch some links which led to sugar-free & center filled chew gum varieties and Cadbury premium indulgence treat. Last but not to the lowest degree , Cadbury can put more effort on reducing cost even increasing efficiency .For instance , Moving production to low cost countries, where raw real(a)s and lab our is cheaper besides India . Because Cadbury s production lines are mostly located in high cost countries like Australia and US . And also reducing internal costs like doing global sourcing , procurement , efficient supply chain and wise investment . Threat First of all , Cadbury will face the intense competition against other mark suppliers even global competitors . According to above statistic , Mars-Wrigley and Nestle are the primary(prenominal) competitors especially Mars-Wrigley the strongest market sharing in total confectionery .When they direct an aggressive price and promotion activity , it s possible to perish price wars in the market which will induce a primary(prenominal) threat for Cadbury. Especially carry oning their marketing sharing and profits . For case on that point would be seasonal sales slumps all year sharpshoot which will reflect to an increase in cost of raw material needs . Second one is Copycat problem. Especially when Cadbury expand into developing countries like China, based on their unhealthy legal system , it s easy to appear Copycat problem which will all told affect their profits , market sharing and their unique images .For example Tempo Tissues is the important Copycat problem sufferer when entering in China market . Many fakes products have approached in the market. Last but not to the lowest degree , due to its confectionary products , It s important for them to be aware of upcoming threats . For example taking notes of the changes in the consumers buying trends . For example low-fat, organic and natural confectionery demand appears much stronger . So that they should shift from chocolates to healthy snacks , otherwise there may be tarnish the Cadbury s brand name and totally affect their income .

Facebook Manic Essay

Facebook is a kindly networking serve up launched in February 4, 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the united States to help students get to know each former(a). Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and better half Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Andrew McCollum, (graphic artist), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), and Chris Hughes. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to Hot or Not and employ photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the hotter person.The websites membership was initially modified by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the common ivy League, and Stanford University. It grad ually added support for students at various other universities before disruption to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices. Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as at that place is access to the Internet.It can also unite people with common interests and/or beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread piddle of its network. January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the nearly used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly eccentric U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Facebook has turned into a national obsession in the United States, resulting in vast amounts of time lost and encouraging narcissism. Facebook being one of the most famous social networking site comes with its own pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of using facebook. Many people believe thatfacebook has a throne of advantages and is convenient to use. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is injurious and the statement is true for facebook.

Great Gatsby Essay, Character Corruption Essay

Through bug out the novel of The Great Gatsby corruption is a prevalent and reoccurring estimation and lies within most characters. They become all overwhelmed with their take self desires and terminal to descend material possession that it blocks their true vision of innocence and morality. Daisy for example is introduced into the oblige as an innocent dedicated wife to Tom but as the book progresses there is an evident change in her character as she becomes increasingly corrupt. By the end of the book Daisy is selfish, destructive and careless as she handles the situation between her husband, Tom, and her ex honeyr, Gatsby.For example of her being careless, she lets Gatsby take the charge for her killing of Myrtle Wilson which eventually leads to Gatsbys death which she exposems to lay out no concern. She is destructive by cheating on her husband while having no real intentions of leaving him for Gatsby. Tom from the beginning of the novel was of all time seen as corrupt when he has an ongoing affair with Myrtle to satisfy his let asks and leave those needs and feelings of Daisy sess him. He focuses more on monetary value of things and his own self appearance than to the care which Daisy requires out of him as a husband.Tom is besides a hypocrite in a way when he catches Daisy and realizes what she has been doing layabout his back, he becomes fierce and tempestuous with her while at the same time he has been doing the same behind her back for years. Jordan Baker is also extremely corrupt because of her dishonesty and her need to gossip. She is a social climber who will cling to anyone who means anything or has coin for her to grasp onto. She will do whatever it takes to win or get her way, as fancyn when she cheats in her round of golf to win the tournament. Everything she does is for image and has no regard for other people or their feelings.She goes to Gatsbys parties with no real concern for who he is while showing no gratitude or thank s for having the party. She is eternally looking out for herself and besides herself trying to material body out ways in which she can be seen and become favourite in the westerly and East junkie community. When Daisy was having her affair with Gatsby, Jordan supported her and was behind her during the whole thing, a nonher example of corruption within Jordan. The people of West and East Egg are also all corrupt and consumed with themselves. This is shown when Gatsby dies because only two people show up to his funeral come off and his father.These people aid his parties have no care for him or his house while theyre there and cannot even pay respect to a man that has died and has stipulation every one of them more then he needed to. Gatsby himself is also a corrupt character in the book yet not nearly as blatantly as the others. Gatsby is corrupted by love and his dream to be with Daisy. Everything hes ever done in his life such as the money hes do and the parties he throw s are for the slightest chance of him fair reacquainted with his lost love, Daisy. He is constantly being used by everyone in West and East Egg as an outlet to their everyday lives.They have no regard for who he is and nor do they care. The people come and go as if it is routine for these parties and show no thanks to Gatsby. He has no true friends besides gouge in Egg. Gatsby, over the time of becoming rich has become overwhelmed and brought into the adult male of expensive material things all to impress Daisy, who previously could not be with him because he was not wealthy. All he can do is show that off so that in the slight chance she comes to one of his parties he can show her is wealth and what he has become.Gatsby is so drawn into and brain-washed over Daisy that she is all he can think about and all he sees is that green light across the bay, dreaming of the time when he and Daisy can finally be together again. This dream is crushed though because he cannot compete with T om. Tom being categorized under old money while Gatsby is categorized under new money and big banknote in the communities of West and East Egg. He has devoted his life to becoming an exclusive member to the old money people in abundant Island but will never be able to reach that goal which corresponds to his goal of end up with Daisy.Corruption is an over arching pedestal throughout The Great Gatsby and all characters seem to reveal it in their own way with the exception of Nick who stays true to his midwest routes. Nick is never consumed in the material world or has the desire for anything great than which he already has while all the other characters are always greedy and have desire for more things. They are all imprisoned in their own world and worries that they have no time to see what others are doing or how they feel which is an easy way to lead to a corrupted lifestyle.

Cell Phone Effects on Youth Essay

In abilityful set paradigm, media has immediate, direct influence and assumes that tribe argon passive and absorb media content uncritically & unconditionally. That paradigm related to capital of Kentucky school of though. Three theories come under this paradigm one is potentiometer companionship conjecture, second is Magic bullet supposition and third is detailed theory. All that theories based on effronterys, that all theories shows that media has strong impact on audience and a cancerous force at bottom the society. plenitude society theoryThis theory is related to media and Herbert Marcuse presented this idea. Its a first media theory and to a fault known as Grand Theory. muss bon ton Theory is based on various conjectures. Following argon the assumptions of Mass Society Theory 1. The media atomic number 18 a malignant, backsidecerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. 2. Media have the power to reach bulge and directly influence the minds of average mass. 3. Once large numbers minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad semipermanent consequences result non only asking ruin to individual lives, merely besides creating genial problems on a vast scale 4. number people are vulnerable to media because they have been cut off and separate from traditional governances that previously protected them from manipulation. 5. The social chaos initiated by media forgeting inevitably be resolved by establishment of a undemocratic social order. 6. Mass media inevitably debase higher forms of culture bring about extension decline in civilization.Read more negative Effects of Smartphones on Youth modified frame paradigmLimited effect paradigm idea has been associated with Paul Lazarsfeld and his colleagues. They focused on the media effect is measureable, short term and concluded that the media played a limited piece in influencing public opinion. The Limited-Effects Model developed by Lazarsfeld and his c olleagues from Columbia was passing influential in the development of media studies. The model claims the mass media has limited-effects on audience. careness of Mass Society Theory Assumptions with Limited Effect Paradigm1. The media are a malignant, cancerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. The Functional summary Theory rejected this assumption as in this theory media is a healthy organization and has a positive role within the society, and Information Flow Theory also discarded this assumption that all information does not consider worthy and 80% people heard and read soft news so the reaction and the negative effect of media is less.2. Media have the power to reach out and directly influence the minds of average people. Two step flows discarded this assumption, this theory urges media to be less direct and less powerful effects and people are much more affected by opinion leading rather than media. As in the Information Flow Theory intimat ely news are unnoticed by people so how it can affect average people and also in the Attitude adjustment Theory, society or people cannot change by media. People changed when they call for change or change their self.3. Once peoples minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad long-term consequences result not only bringing ruin to individual lives, but also creating social problems on a vast scale. Attitudes Change Theory discarded this assumption that changing is a complex process and societal change is a slow process. As in a Cognitive Dissonance Theory, any(prenominal)thing which is inconsistence that effect is less. Psychological disorder topics have a less effect on audience. One more theory rejected this assumption Functional Analysis Theory says that media role is positive in the society.4. Average people are vulnerable to media because they have been cut off and isolated from traditional institutions that previously protected them from manipulation. Reinforcement The ory rejected this assumption it says that media act to backing already held beliefs and idea. Change transpire by family, school, church etc and traditional institution are still there and have strong power to immobilise the individual an society by manipulation. As in Cognitive symmetry Theory people consciously or unconsciously want to entrance those channels or programs which are of their interest. Two Step Model also discarded this assumption by opinion leaders are tie with our institutions and in the Attitude Change Theory, in human attitude changing these three variables play focal role, 1.the Communicator, 2.communication, 3.situation.5. The social chaos initiated by media will inevitably be resolved by establishment of a undemocratic social order. Only Innovation Diffusion Theory prop up that assumption. New idea, information introduced in the society by innovators, to spread any new idea is society has five stages by establishment of totalitarian social order the soci al chaos can be pave. 6. Mass media inevitably debase higher forms of culture bring about generation decline in civilization. Cognitive Consistency rejected this assumption people always try to hold their existing beliefs so they do not allow to change their culture and values. As Reinforcement Theory, media acts to reinforce the already held and existing beliefs and ideas. It does not disturb society by creating any change. remnantMass society theory portrait media role is negative and malignant force within the society but there are more other theories which describes that media role is positive and it is a healthy institution like other social institutions. Change always comes, when people want change or try to change themselves. We negated all these assumption by these violet studies.

African American Social Standings Essay

This research paper will discuss the African American br early(a)ly standing in America throughout history. It will discuss the highs and lows and the pros an cons of the progression and also the different occlusions that African Americans lived through since they were brought to America. The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a somebody who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo Blanco and travel them to Portugal. This candid the door to slavery in the Americas.A British solon stated that Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. The first base African Americans slaves in America were brought to Jamestown, Virginia as servants and or slaves in idealistic 1619. In order for slavery to work Africans had to made to seem inferior, matchless and merely(a) of the main an most common modes to show this was through phantasmal racialism ( Aretha , David pg. 21 ) The practice of slavery was then direct to the to the south were they were put on plantations. Plantations consisted of a large mansion comparable blank space surrounded by a large farm where slaves planted and harvested crops and performed other jobs which they werent paid for.While on the plantation the slaves called the owner pass over or Mistress, they provided the slaves with food housing and clothing. ( David Brion Davis, origination give online Slavery) While on these plantations some of the slaves faced severe consequence for disobedience. They received consequences for not functional hard or fast enough, they would also be used as an example in order to realise the others. Their harsh punishment would implicate branding, whipping, mutilation, chaining and sometimes the harshest punishment of all cold blooded murder.Slavery was one of the worst periods in American history. During this period of slavery there were hardly a(prenominal) revolts exc lusively some(prenominal) runa ways. While slavery continued to penetrate and nettle more brutal in the south-central, the North disagreed with the idea of free labor. Their inequality fueled the emancipationist movement end. The Abolitionist grounds was the first movement that triad to the African Americans political and physical freedoms from slavery. Antislavery activity began in colonial days. During the 1680s, Quakers in Pennsylvania condemned slavery on moral grounds. In the late 1700s, some(prenominal) leaders of the American revolutionary movement, including Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, spoke out against slavery. (David Herbert Donald, World Book Online?Abolitionist exertion). During the sound of the movement there were almost no humankind composition that publicized the abolishment of slavery. William Lloyd place, an American journalist and abolitionist who became famous in the 1830 for denouncing slavery, published the first issue of his abolitionist newspaper The Liberator January 1st 1831, which was at that time the first Abolitionist newspaper.The reason William fortress published the newspaper was because he was tired of the other methods that many abolitionists had tried. Garrison said slavery should be ended immediately. Another front counterbalance during the Abolitionist Movement was Sojourner Truth. She was an ex-slave and also one of the main figures in the controvert for womens rights and equality. On January 1, 1863, the Abolitionist goals were reached when Pre grimacent Abraham Lincoln the 16th electric chair issued his independence Proclamation. It read that all persons held as slaves in rebellious states be and henceforward shall be free (McPherson, James M.World Book Online? Emancipation Proclamation. ) . Around the alike time Congress passed the 25th Amendment into Constitution which hence abolished slavery. Months later it was ratified. Following the Emancipation Proclamation, The North (union) and the South (confederate) began a accomplished war which lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war ended with many of the major cities in the South in ruins and most of the Northern cities left untouched. The Reconstruction period in the U. S followed the Unions victory over the Confederate Army in the civilised war .The period was used to rebuild the south and patch-up the relationship betwixt the North and South. Along with rebuilding and patching up relationships, the North sent teachers to the south to educated the African American ex slaves who had became newly members of the society. The teachers taught ex slaves reading, writing an arithmetic. The Reconstruction Act called for a new Constitution to be established in each state. It also gave Freedmen the right to participate in voting. The 14th Amendment was also passed and ratified during the Reconstruction period.The 14th Amendment granted replete citizenship to all people born or naturalized In the unite States of America . Many of the laws passed during this period were tack together in place to treasure the rights of former slaves, such as allowing blacks to vote an giving them many of the same rights as whites and protecting things dear to them such as property and money. During this period many advancements in society were made by African Americans, such as the Self-Leveling Table created by Charles William Allen , the corn planter check oarsman by Ralph W.Alexander and the spark plug by Edmond Berger these are only three of the more than 200 inventions/advancements made by African Americans during the reconstructive memory period. These African Americans, lead professions even when high limitations were placed upon them. (Aretha, David pg. 61) Advancements like these opened the door and let people know that African Americans were not incapable but could actually make a difference in the world. plane though laws were set in place many southern whites unbosom did not want to think an ex-slaves as an ything close to equals. This lead to much(prenominal) military group and death of both whites and former slaves.In time, southern whites regained control of their state governments and took away many of the rights that blacks had won during reconstruction. ( Stephen V. Ash, Work book online? Reconstruction). afterwards the Reconstruction period ended and the North soldiers returned back home, which left ex slaves with no form of protection lead to extreme backlash against the African American community by whites. Following the Reconstruction period Jim triumph laws came into effect. Jim Crow laws resulted from the support southern whites and their effort to maintain segregation of blacks.These typewrite of laws plagued the United States during the 19th century. The first type of Jim Crow law was set in place in Tennessee which called for the separation of African-American and white laborrs on the railway. This practice was soon adopted by other southern states. The spread of s egregation laws through the South was supported by a many dogmatic Court decisions. ( Joe R. Freagin, World Book online? Segregation) The part but equate Doctrine arose during the period in which Jim Crow laws were on a rise. The Separate but Equal Doctrine stated that African Americans were equal to whites but should be kept separate from whites.The separate but equal article of faith was totally incorrect. For example Blacks and whites were separated in schools but the white schools had busing an the go around books and teachers on the other hand the black schools had run down classrooms and unaccepted books. Blacks and whites were also separated in eateries, the White restaurants had the best locations and best accommodations on the contrary the black restaurants were small and modest. Most of these Jim Crow laws were declared hinder by several Supreme Court decisions in the 1950s and 1960s and by the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968. ( Alton Hornsby, World Book Online? Jim crow) During the 1950s the Civil Rights Movement took flight along with desegregation. The Civil Rights Movement was just that a movement towards civil rights which were stated to be The freedoms and rights that a person may provoke as a member of a community, state, or nation. (Bruce Allen Murphy, World Book Online? Civil Rights) The first major event of the civil rights movement was the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown vs. Board of Education, which desegregated public schools across the nation.Schools in the south were very slow in changing their ways and violence usually erupted when black students tried to register. Then, in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, a hatter named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. After she was arrested for breaking the law, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, For 382 days, from Dec. 5, 1955, to Dec. 20, 1956 blacks refused to ride Buses and carpooled to destinations. It ended Dec 20, 1956 with the Supreme-Court-ordering deseg regation of Montgomery buses. The boycott brought fame to a lofty named Dr. Martin Luther male monarch.During the Civil Rights Movement the most effective way to get things through many debated was through non violence. Non violence was not just a way of acting but a state of mind and doctrine which Martin Luther King Jr. took from Mahatma Gandhi he stated that with non violence you can move mountains. some(prenominal) methods they used to get their point across were sit ins, boycotts, marches and public speeches. Although many activist call upd in non violence there was another side to the Civil Rights Movement and that was the Black Power Movement. The Black Power Movement was a more radical movement than the Non Violent Movement.Front runners like Malcolm X and other influential faces such as Huey P. Newton and bud Siegel who together formed the Black Panthers all believed that the white man was the worry and that in order to win equal rights that African Americans needed t o start fighting fire with fire and bullets with bullets instead of the more passive ways of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. ( Aretha, Chronicles pr. 261-300) In conclusion I believe that the law has provided African Americans with equal rights as whites but I believe that they may restrained appear not to be equal.In the twenty-first century I believe and know that there are many laws that seem to make African Americans and white equals but there is still much discrimination in the world. I also believe that the racism is not as bad but still exist, it just isnt as blatant and in your face as it was in the past. African Americans still have trouble getting jobs, being accepted into organizations and colleges or university, But I do believe that we have made a 900 degree turn from the time where Colored and White signs decorated the front of every doorway, restroom and waterfountian in the southern U. S.

Close Reading: Slaughterhouse Essay

The Tralfamadorians tried to create Billy clues that would help him to imagine sex in the invisible dimension. They told him that thither could be no Earthling babies without staminate homosexuals. on that point could be babies without womanly homosexuals. There couldnt be babies without women oer threescore-five historic period old. There could be babies without men over cardinal-five. There couldnt be babies without a nonher(prenominal) babies who had lived an hour or less after birth. And so on.The first period that I read this novel in high school, this passage fire and confused me. The thought of on that point being much than two genders show on the planet caught me off guard. While gender is not constantly a subject that confuses me, this idea did not make sense to me. Gender, on Earth, is confined to male and female. It begs the question of what the Tralfamadorians consider to be a gender, in the third and fourth dimensions.Vonnegut leads us to assume that the ge nders must be those that he listed. We know that to make a sympathetic baby, you need a male and a female. Since he refers to homosexuality in this passage, it is rock-steady to draw the companionship that he considers homosexuals to be their own gender. That would lead readers to intrust that the other sexes be a heterosexual male, heterosexual female, homosexual male and homosexual female. However, that solitary(prenominal) gives us four of the seven proposed genders.Based off of that theory, it would be preventive to assume that the other genders would be a transgender male, a transgender female, and hermaphrodites. For someone who is an sprightly member of the LGBTQIA (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and ally) community, this was a plausible, and easy, connection for me. However, if we were to consider what Vonnegut says later on in the passage, it could be that he considers the other genders to be something entirely different.If readers focus on th e exact wording in the passage, it implies that the other five genders that exist in the fourth dimension are the homosexual males, homosexual females, women over sixty five years old, men over sixty five years old, and babies that live an hour or less after their own birth. If these are what Vonnegut has named as the fourth dimensional genders, he said that each of these is essential for the birth of some(prenominal) Earthling child. In a way, this is correct. The Tralfamadorians state that at that place will be no Earthling babies without homosexual males, but there could not be babies with homosexual females. This statement was illogical to me. I believe that it is Vonneguts allusion to the different backgrounds that everyone comes from. No ones family structure is hardly the same, and the discord that the Tralfamadorians speak of are the constantly changing social dynamics of the family structure.When it passage says that there could be Earthling babies without women over the age of sixty five years old, but there could be babies without men over the age of sixty five years old, this is a completely admittedly statement. In regards to lineage, no Earthling child would have been born without its ancestors, and there would be more than one over the age of sixty five. Since any Earthling child must come from some form of parents, it is safe to believe that the Tralfamadorians are alluding to the family unit as a whole.The last category mentioned are the babies who had lived an hour or less after birth. While this does not necessarily mean that the death of these other Earthling children make it attain subject for another to be brought into the world, I believe that it means that everything happens for a reason. I think this is Vonneguts way of saying that term the death of any child is tragic, that everything in life is predetermined fate.The Tralfamadorians tell Billy that while the military man beings live and exist in the third dimension, there is more that they cannot see or even understand in the fourth dimension. This explains how the human mind and belief are limited. I believe that Billy, having met the Tralfamadorians, has surpassed the rest of the human race in terms of opening his mind to be able to fathom the fourth dimension. The aliens, while they represent free will throughout the novel, also represent a level of higher thinking that piece have yet to attain, and is quite possibly completely out of reach.

Modern Management 4_PD

The bank line exposition is a list of particular activities or tasks an employee should undertake in an cheek under the particular position he/she holds. It is a sort of a formal statement and is highly unique(predicate) to an employee in decree to avoid creating confusion. If a argument description is clear, the employee stop center on his goals within the arrangement and provoke succeed. The governing would excessively become more(prenominal) efficient. An individual would do to perform certain tasks or wanton away sure that another person executes those tasks.The job description helps the employees to contract more or less certain levels in performance and act as a guide to help them achieve their goals. The manager of the organization delegates the job description so that each and every employee can perform their activities. The activities should be distributed in much(prenominal) a port that efficiency and effectiveness of the employee is brought about.The proc ess of on the wholeocating the maneuver and doing the job analysis varies from time to time and depends on some(prenominal) factors including the aims and objectives of the organization and the conditions prevailing. There whitethorn be three issues related to responsibility, namely, distributing the job activities, cosmos responsible and clarifying the job activities of the managers. The process of job analysis involves some(prenominal)(prenominal) processes including-1. determining the aims and objectives of the organization2. determine the jobs to be performed to achieve these objectives3. accumulating the available job descriptions4. preparing the job analysis questionnaire (has the job title, summary, duties to be performed, time trysts, relationships with others in the organization, educational qualifications required, etcetera5. any other issues have to be addressed accordingly6. additional activities in case the data gaps be still present such as interview question naire, performance appraisals, organisational surveys, discussions, etc.7. A nett job description is then prepared8. The employees should be made more responsible for performing their dutiesThe outbreak of the internet has made mangers to focus severely on this segment and make job descriptions to suit these positions. The data regarding various(a) organizational functions is specifically analyzed and handled using programs. One of the main duties of an info analyst is to design and create new programs that can be custom-make to suit the end-user. The internet is having a major part in modifying the job descriptions as more efficient ways of helping the employees to achieve the objectives of the organization are discovered. The programmers are concentrating on the internet rather than programming to correspond that their information systems are adjusted to suit current trend.This technology has permitted the employees to interact more closely with the clients. For an organiza tion to succeed, high connectivity internet along with comely broadband capabilities is required. The organizational information should be available to the clients in order to loan about success. The way could also use the internet to make mvirtuosoy (as internet business is a trend nowadays). It is very cardinal that an organization concentrates on the internet, as it could play a major role in bringing about success of the organization.Organizational graph is the manner in which the work of the company or organization is distributed to bring about efficiency and effectiveness. The matrix organizations are the modifications of the traditional organizational frame-up to bring about certain changes that would enable completion of certain activities. The changing of the organizational chart to suit the specific needs is known as count on organizations.The organization I belong to has 4 divisions, namely, the clinical trials department, the data management department, the biochemi cal department and the bioengineering department. individually of these departments would be having two phases, namely, the resources allocation phase and the market phase, along with support to the projects that exist within the organization. Each project would have a production social unit, engineering and research unit, logistics unit, HR unit and the accounts and administration unit. These units could be further divided into project A, B, C, D, etc.Each of these projects has an in-charge manager. The work would usually work or begin from the accounts unit (For allocations of resources), human resource unit, logistics units, engineering and research unit (for development of technology) and finally into the production unit. Once a particular project is completed, then the organization would get back to the traditional chart in which each of the units are not subdivided as per the projects existing.Having such a structural organizational chart has several benefits and limitatio ns. The ability to manage the workflow, client satisfaction levels, development time, costs, quality, etc, can easily be controlled. However, organizational charts can bring about hassle in operations and conflicts in handling day to day issues. Sometimes, it may be very difficult to manage such an organization. The organization should be interested in changing the present traditional organizational setup into a matrix model to suit the changing needs which may be short-term.The organization would be having several departments as each of strive departments would be under a particular manager. Each of these managers would be having several units and each of these units would be contributing to a particular project. Each of these projects would be sharing some of the fixed log-term resources with another project.In my organization, all the fin units exist, namely the accounts unit, personal unit, logistics unit and the production unit are existent. Wrigleys chewing gum brought abou t lot of changes the structure of the organization, and modifications were observed to all the units. These departments help to eliminate or add certain activities exercised by the organization. The flow of work in an organization can be brought about one factor that lies before one of these criteria.The Wrigleys experience is a mooring in which all the five units or levels are present and have to be managed to ensure the proper flow of work. The extent of success achieved by one product or services various depending on several factors which may be the motivational levels of the staff, incentives provided, proper logistic management, conducting adequate union of research and finally creating the product or service.ReferencesCresto, S. C. and Cresto, S. T. (2006). Chapter 3 Organianl aChange and Stress, Modern Management, (10th ed), sunrise(prenominal) Jersey Upper Saddle River, pp. 299-322.

Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Essay

Health promotion is defined by the military man health organization as the process of enabling people to adjoin control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual demeanor towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions. The purpose of health promotion is to empower people to improve their health and contain disease, damage, and death. The nurses plays an serious role in health-promoting activities which include educating people in making consequential life changing decision such as sanitary eating, air management, adequate bodily activity, adequate sleep and not smoking. Achieving optimal health is not the sole responsibility of the individual the government are in like manner involved in health promotion by creating safe environment free of pollution, safe drinkable water, give vaccines for preventable diseases.Health differences slew be taked by providing culturally relevant health information, programs, and services, creating mankind policy that provokes health, improving access to health care and providing other opportunities for making healthy choices. Primary cake is the prevention of diseases and conditions before their biological onset. This loafer be achieve in many ways, such as educating individuals to pass risk taking behaviors, preventing environmental exposures, environmental health sum of moneys, such as maintaining a safe water and food supply. Educating individuals on sex educations such as promoting the use of condoms, abstinence before marriage, avoiding multiple sex partners leave alone prevent sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, and likewise reduce the risk of cervical cancer in women.Education in healthy eating habit and increase in physical activity provide reduce obesity and prevent some diseases associated with obesity such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart related conditions etcetera Vaccines are trustworthy examples of direct prevention measures, many diseases today have been prevented with the use of vaccines. wide example of secondary prevention in the hospital settings is offering of influenza vaccine and pneumonia vaccine to all discharged patient of who meets the criteria. Education on the use of seat belt will reduce the degree of travel injuries. Secondary prevention is the process of identifying the presence of disease in the corpse at an early stage when it has not advanced to the point of create any signs, symptoms or disability .These preclinical conditions are most oftentimes discovered by disease screening. Screenings such as routine mammograms, bosom smear, colonoscopy, PSA, prevents disease emergence and this usually leads prevention of serious complications. Secondary preventions also includes routine blood works to check for cholesterol direct, prescreening for hypertension, screening for elevated blood-lead level for people who work in environment with lead exposure. Nurses should promote secondar y prevention in our bailiwick of work, in the communities they should emphasis on the importance of health screenings to the clients in their area of profession. The government should also provide funds for secondary prevention by providing resources for free screening in public places like the school, church, hospitals, town hall etc.With secondary prevention on that point will be delay in disease progression, disability and death. Tertiary prevention is the prevention of disease progression and complication after it has been clinically diagnosed. This includes the rehabilitation and management of the disease , example of 3rd prevention is the routine screening for and management of diabetic associated conditions in a diabetic patient such as renal ,eye, and foot problems. Eliminating offending allergens from unhealthy patients. Preventing reoccurrence of myocardial infarction with blood thinners such as aspirin, Plavix etc. The use of physical therapist and occupational therap ist to regain physical function in a stroke patient.Nurses in their different area of nursing plays important roles in health promotion, it could be by primary prevention, secondary prevention, or tertiary prevention. When a patient is admitted in the hospital it is the duty of the nurses to educate the patient and the family on the tertiary prevention level on how to manage his disease such as to comply with uniform medication, diet modifications, smoking cessation etc.Educational handouts with specific teaching on disease prevention and management should be given to patient upon discharge.In conclusion primary prevention is the most important preventive measure in health promotion, while secondary prevention is very brisk in health promotion as with this preventive measure there is a high chance of a positive outcome. Also tertiary prevention is also very important as it minimizes complication and delay death.ReferencesRobert, R. B. (2002). Encyclopedia of Public Health.Retriev ed on January 13, 2013 from GCU Library.Retrieved on January 13, 2013 from www.who.int/topics/health_promotion.

“Continuum” by Allen Curnow analysis Essay

The verse micturate Continuum by Allen Curnow different pedestals ar dived upon. The poesy reflects on the reservoir leaving his house and gazing at the sky, then dismission back in the house because he was cold. This poem delves into different themes. In this essay I will be exploring the different themes of the poem.One of the master(prenominal) themes expressed in this poem is the theme of the time. The fountain waits a prospicient time outside of his house. This is shown as he talks most how the synodic month on rolls over the roof. In the end of the first stanza he mentions that the moon isnt in truth moving but it is his own perception. This may be because he waited for such a long time that the moon travel across the sky and that from his viewpoint across the roof or that he was moving himself and seeing the moon at different angles. In the fifth stanza, the poet says A long moment stretches, the neighboring one is non on time. This shows a desire for order. This relates to perception of time, as he doesnt see time pass when he wants something to last.The next theme I will be reflecting upon is the theme of perception. This is first mentioned in the first stanza where he sees the moon as rolling over the roof and falling gloomy but later on he realizes that the moon isnt actually rolling over the roof. This is a misconception of what is actually happening. In the 6th stanza, when the author create verballys the night sky empties the whole of his contents down that is once again a misconception of what is actually happening. He is using personification to explain this. Perception is as well as challenges in the 5th stanza. This is closely related to what was written in the earlier paragraph on time. His perception of time is faulted depending on how he feels.The biggest theme of this poem, is the theme of creation, this theme has a large impact on the poem as the poet reflects on it quite a bit. In the 3rd stanza the poet writes into th e swear out out creation, a dark post. In the beginning of this stanza the author talk about normal, domestic things like a porch or a privet but he then stars out into raw creation. The dark place might be just the actual creation itself. In the next stanza, theauthor moves on to talk about bright clouds. This could be take down coming from darkness and description that even in the darkest time of the day, there are still rays of light. In the last stanza the author talks about a funk demiurge.A demiurge is a creator of universes, someone who creates. This is again linked to the theme of creation. During the poem Allen Curnow often tries to create some form of poetic structure but seems to fail continually. When he uses the word cringing by chance he his comparing himself to a demiurge that is forging the poem, or maybe he is blaming the demiurge for giving him insomnia, driving him outside and even then not letting him on any inspiration. The litter and the tools could be th e feeble attempts to poet had do to create a worthy piece of work. In a spirit this is stupid as the poet writes about not being able to write poems in a poetIn conclusion, the three different themes mentioned above are all in some way or another related to each other. This is particularly seen in time and perception. The perception of time itself reflects both themes. This poet has used a lot of metaphysical ideas and the poem reaches an extremely trench meaning. The theme of creation reflected on in this poem is very authoritative on the rest of the poem. The author uses these three themes to reflect on himself and his modestness for a lack to produce anything. In a sense this is paradoxical as the poet writes about not being able to write poems in a poem.

Golden Rice

booming sieve Vitamin A is one of the or so cardinal vitamins to humans, and it plays an inevitable role in our daily life, thus Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects millions of pot, causing serious health problems. Therefore, scientists are searching for the most useful method to let large number obtain enough Vitamin A as possible. As a consequence, the scientific program of cultivating Golden sieve has attracted piles attention. Golden Rice is a revolutionary type of rice that contains beta-carotene, a source of Vitamin A (Golden rice, para. ). This new technology has aroused some(prenominal) controversial debates. Some organizations and individuals think that Golden Rice poses unk nown threats to the purlieu and human health, even preventing people from diversifying their diet. In contrast, others hold the opinion that Golden Rice has more benefits than harm to humans, supporting to release the severe detail ab show up VAD. This issue is a worth exploring in the asp ects of technology, economy and efficiency.As a new project with high-tech content, Golden Rice needs received technical supports. Until now, many maturation countries, such as Afri privy country, open no chances of benefiting from bio-technology, while developed countries subscribe already enjoyed the new trick to obtain their mental health. Many people from the evolution country press that, since the last green revolution had been missyed, they do not want to miss this one, which may allow them to have the opportunity to lift millions of people out of hunger.What is more, International Rice Research Institute( IRRI) is optimistic almost the prospects for the Golden Rice project, and they believe that it may open up a kind of new research model creating partnerships with the private institution. On the contrary, people consider that this technique needs to establish its reliability before it becomes available to the general public. Methods such as testing should be done, making sure it could suit the local anaesthetic environment. Moreover, this advanced agriculture technology needs to be promoted through merchandising subjects in order to assure its safety.As far as I am concerned, bio-safety cannot be guaranteed. As we know, data on the potential health risks of genetically Modified Foods (GMO) foods are scanty, which has make it impractical to remove the risk. There is a concern that the transgenic crop may endanger biodiversity, and lead to the extinction of important bio-resources, thus it is unwise to take this risk. Beyond that, the economic factors cannot be ignored. For people from developing countries, Golden Rice was thought to be contri aloneed to reach independent in food to climb out of exiguity.After all, economic turmoil and neighborly instability may well happen without food security. It is also significant for the independence of nation and peace to the world. Besides, the IRRI thought they could seek economic help for privat e sectors, so that they do not have to worry nigh the bread and butter issues. On the other hand, Friends of the Earth (FOE) found that such a project can hardly get nearly the amount of funding they deserved according to the data of past years.It is said that more than $ one C million dollars has been spent on developing golden rice, and another $50 million has been budgeted for advertisements touting the crops future benefits (Pollan, 2001, p. 15). How many cases of blindness could be averted right now if the industry were to divert this investment from advertising spending to a a couple of(prenominal) of the programs such as providing free seeds to poor famers to help more people? In addition, the main purpose of this research is to solve the VAD and the poverty problem.However, malnutrition, diseases and poverty are deeply rooted in social soil, associating with economic and policy-making systems, such as, the unfairness of income distribution. Hence, the Golden Rice has don e teeny to do by the fundamental problem. With all these essentials, the other important factor is on potency on consuming. There is no denial that Golden Rice can supply a certain amount of Vitamin A, and it is necessary for developing countries to choke as stakeholders, instead of just accepting the decision made by government from developed countries.However, the fact is that Golden Rice has too little Vitamin A, a woman has to eat 16 pounds of cooked rice a twenty-four hour period to satisfy her minimum daily requirement of Vitamin A, according to the research made by FOE. Hence,FOE advocate diet diversification. Previous studies either cogitate entirely on effects of the rice on Vitamin A intakes without considering health outcomes, but used only highly aggregate intake data without taking into account important nutritional features like dietary heterogeneity (Stein, Sachdev, & axerophthol Qaim, 2006, P. 4-10). In addition, Krawinkel argued that the general issue is tha t nutritional deficiencies are rarely focused on one nutrient (e. g. , vitamin A, iron, selenium, zinc or others). In most cases, they are complex conditions and many sources for the various nutrients (Krawinkel , 2007, p. 9). It can be seen tardily that the technical issue, economic issue and efficiency of Golden Rice have connected with each other closely.Essentially, I tend to think that disadvantages of developing Golden rice outweigh the benefits, located with three main reasons including doubting about the safety of genetically modified (GM) crops, reasoning the huge payout with smallish output and disagreeing with the monotonous diet, instead of a diverse diet. From my point of view, developing the varied diet is not only the most radical manner to get all the nutrients we need but also helping to modify the life quality as well as developing a healthy lifestyle. References IRRI. (n. d. ). Golden rice.Retrieved from http//www. irri. org/index. php? option=com_k2&view= itemlist& parturiency=category&id=764golden-rice-at-irri&lang=en Krawinkel, M. B. (2007). What we know and dont know about golden rice. Nature Biotechnology, 25(6), 623 inside http//dx. doi. org/10. 1038/nbt0607-623 Pollan, M. (2001, Mar 04). The great yellow hype. radical York Times Magazine, 15. Stein, A. J. , H. P. S. Sachdev, amp Qaim, M. (2006). Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of golden rice. Nature Biotechnology, 24(10), 1200-1. doi http//dx. doi. org/10. 1038/nbt1006-1200b

Satisfactory Academic Appeal Form

May I respectfully ask for your patience and disposition as I explain my justifications for supplicanting to you. In essence, I impart be discussing one major issue that influenced my two subjects. I require that this will greatly shed light and not give a lopsided or biased send-of-view of my present predicament. As the facts evidently point out, I learn had extreme difficulty in both, my History and psychology classes. In this regard, I drop spent much while contemplating on the parameters that insinuate the validity or invalidity of my claims with reference to the situations and reasons stated in the Satisfactory Academic Progress Appeal Form.As such, I late and strongly believe that my basis for appealing is legitimate and warrants your kind consideration. allow for me to first state that English is not my first language. Therefore, I check great difficulty to both effectively communicate and to be communicated upon. With this reality, I honestly admit that it has tak en me a vast amount of time and effort just to construct this appeal. This is thus the primary reason for my shortcomings in my academics. I have relentlessly tried to escort and speak with my professors to process me because of this reason.This is the case in my History class, where I find it impregnable to understand my professor with all the facts and events I as a savant have to comprehend in the subject. The same case somehow reflects my problem in my Psychology class, as when my professor will recommend that I hear the book every time I ask for his help. I rule that as much as my professors want to accommodate me, this communication parapet tends to be an overwhelming obstacle at times. This does not even figure for the fact that I am not the only student they have. let it be known that I have no intention of enjoin my inadequacy on my professors.This is not an interpersonal problem with them. I have no queries on whether or not my professors styles of teaching are ha rd or not. My only concern is centered upon my own faults that have set out detrimental to my performance and growth not just as a student, but as a person as well. Therefore, I appeal to your compassionate and understanding heart for the consideration of my case. I only trust that you grant me this new opportunity to be a good student and a better person. I place my future in your hands. give thanks you very much for then attention you have generously disposed(p) to me.

Correlation of Fast food culture

Correlation of dissolute Food elaboration and the High Rate of Teenage Obesity Nowadays, aliment is soft reachable In the united States. All we have to do to obtain fodder Is uncivil the refrigerator, go to the supermarket, or incumbrance at drive- through (Closer and Wilson 208), Fast forage even became a trend replacing regular fodder for thought since decades ago. Every time when we stand In front of a strong food shop, the typical smiling face of a cartoon equal Ronald McDonald always warms our heart. The golden-fried chip, big, juicy, meaty hamburgers together with different sorts of sweetened icy beverages could easily appeal to our appetite.They come degenerate, delicious and satisfying, which makes it hard for us to resist. However, when we taking the capital out of our pocket to purchase for a big luscious meal, we practically ignore the sweeping adverse effects that ensue from this kind of sweet, savory and fatty food. As the time went by, the occurrence of tight food was changed from a positive purpose of providing rushing customers a convenient halfway stop for food to a problematic culture that arise various physiological problems, with obesity being on the top of the list.According to the latest statistics from the Centers for Disease influence and Prevention (CDC), there as been a remarkable escalation of obese raft In the US, from averagely 10% to 14 % In 1990 to over 30% In 2010. Although fasting food Is Indeed a shortcut to cater for our fast working pace, It alters our traditional way of eating homemade food. The phenomenon of overconfidence on fast food passes onto the next generation, shaping peoples preference for a wider acceptation of the convenience brought along by it at the expense of their health.As everyone knows, fast food culture attracts mixed audience, from children to middle-class white-collar workers as well as high- level officials. But with the chains cent tactic marketing strategy on kids and parents at titude toward pampering their children, adolescent obesity rate is remarkably escalating. many chains now just aboutly set children as target consumers due to the multiple profits brought along by them.Those restaurants certainly know the guess to attain a successful business Is to give away toys, which Is the most glossy come-on for children. Companies usually Introduce different versions of the same toy, so that kids give nag their parents to evils the same store again, whose act can assume in both parents that the adults try every means to satisfy their kids desires no matter of their health. In most cases, both parents and kids fall prey to the selling strategies of fast food chains.Restaurants take the money and the public risk their health. It can be seen there is a close relationship between the marketing tactical maneuver on kids and the compromising temptation of parents toward the kids excessive Correlation of Fast food culture By Aliquot food is easily accessible in the United States. All we have to do to obtain food is open Every time when we stand in front of a fast food shop, the typical smiling face of a orator corresponding Ronald McDonald always warms our heart.The golden-fried chip, big, has been a remarkable escalation of obese people in the US, from averagely 10% to 14 % in 1990 to over 30% in 2010. Although fast food is indeed a shortcut to cater for our fast working pace, it alters our traditional way of eating homemade food. The Those restaurants certainly know the theory to achieve a successful business is to give away toys, which is the most attractive come-on for children. Companies usually introduce different versions of the same toy, so that kids will nag their parents to visit

Burger King Ad Analysis Essay

In June of 2009, Burger queen mole rat released an advertisement for the BK Super Seven Incher for a moderate promotion in Singapore. The familiar message that this ad aims to give tongue to is not so much hidden or subliminal as it is blatantly distinct. Not mevery would be able to simply shine at this ad and then go nearly their day. Men and women besides are drawn to the ad because they are either attracted to it or offended by it. Effective advertising usu on the wholey triggers some kind of aright emotion within its consultation. In that respect, this advertisement succeeds with flying colors. Whether it is because of feelings of disgust or attraction, the images in this ad are difficult to ignore which is exactly what the advertizer envisi nonpareild happening. Although very(prenominal) ineffective, this ad is still being analyzed straight off which is quite significant. Burger Kings advertisement effectively frames and manipulates the narrative, layout, and cop y to create a strong reaction to hinge uponism and vulgarity within its audience causation them to barely counselling on the nature of the ad, not how much they extremity to buy the harvest.The ad, through its imagery and text, aims to create a fantasy where on the whole a man has to do is hold a burger and young, attractive women leave want to have sex with them. Even if men do not consciously think this way, the idea it is still in the back of their minds. In an attempt to create an effective subtext with these images and spoken communication, the ad dehumanizes both men and women. On one hand, the woman in the ad is seen as an object who is simply useful in sexual situations hence the focal point of her face, her brim which is directly in line with the burger. Many have even note that the woman resembles a blow-up doll which further solidifies the idea of transforming women into sexual devices earlier than human beings. On the other hand, a phallic idea is triggered in a mans mind that to create the notion that surface does yield and this ad presents it as the only thing that really does matter when it comes to attracting a woman. It gives men the impression that if they are not well endowed, women forget disregard them unless they are seen eating this burger.The prominent images of this ad cause the audience to have a strong emotional reaction to the ad whether they have intercourse it or not. The portion of the advertisement that first catches the audiences shopping mall is the image of a stunned, fairly artificial looking woman with her spill agape to a organize that seems to be appearing out of nowhere. The sandwich pictured with the woman too looks much thinner and greater than the one pictured at the bottom. The image of the sandwich next to the womans mouth creates obvious phallic visualizations within the audiences minds.The ads blatant allusion to oral sex causes the audience to have a strong reaction upon seeing it. The imag e designates that upon eating this sandwich, every contiguous woman will be rendered helpless at the sight of a man holding a seven inch burger. The woman excessively seems to be looking at something out of frame beyond the sandwich. The sable item in the shadows that the womans eyes are improve on adds yet another cue a man could subconsciously get by looking at the ad. This allows a man to kindle up any type of scenario within his mind from only the battlefront of shadows in the ad. Right below is the second-most prominent part of the ad the actors line Itll Blow Your Mind Away in large font with the dickens largest words in that sentence being Itll Blow. The ad tends to two very significant aspects of a young mans life nourishment and sex. Food is a basic human need but it is not enough to say that this sandwich will satisfy your aridness, it must also be able to fulfill another desire. The images of this ad indirectly suggest that the sandwich will cater to a mans hun ger as well as his sexual frustration.Along with the suggestive images this ad presents, the words surrounding the artwork bring an equally as obvious but a much more distasteful idea to the mind. In little(a) font at the bottom it reads fill your desire for something long, fat and flame-grilled because we all know that a long cake tastes better than a short one. The fact that the sandwich is seven inches long has little to nought to do with the quality of the sandwich but rather the visualization that this special(a) long burger evokes while accompanied with the images. As if that was not enough to exonerate a man go cross-eyed, it goes on to add that the burger will build one yearn for more aft(prenominal) one taste. The seemingly ever-living sexually suggestive elements of this ad just causes it to be mulled over in the minds of men and women alike which adds to its effectiveness not to sell a growth but to keep the Burger King name in plentys heads.The name of the produ ct in itself is also something to be considered. Without the imagery of the product it would be unclear as to what is being sold. Only in the small text do you see what this product is actually categorized chthonic a burger. To someone unfamiliar to this ad, the term seven incher could mean a plethora of items, both sexual and non-sexual. Because of the lack of distinction between provender and phallus, the audience gets the wrong (or the right) impression of this product. In describing the burger in further detail, the words crispy, thick, and hearty are employ to create the idea that not only will you be attracting women from all over the globe, you will also be buying a top-of-the-line meal for the bargain price of $6.25 an idea any man would be mesmerized by.One long-running advertisement of a identical product could come to mind when faced with an ad centered upon the surface of a sandwich subway systems five Dollar founding Long campaign. Unlike the Burger King ad, the subway system ad features mainly a catchy jingle and cheery imagery. Subways advertisers could have slow gone in the route that Burger King did and made the extra long sandwich sexual. Any company would choose not to sexualize their ads in order to avoid excluding the portion of their audience who would not be attracted to or would even be offended by such graphic images. Subway, instead, used positive and healthy imagery using athletes and generally fit commonwealth to advertise their product. In 2008, about the time the campaign for the five vaulting horse sandwich began, the U.S. was faced with a financial crisis. As a result, Subway came up with the campaign of a cheap alternative to healthy food. As a result, a very marketable image of their product was created. A notable difference between Burger Kings ad and Subways ad is that the BK Super Seven Incher ad had to be taken down right after the backlash ensued the everyday Five Dollar Foot Long campaign was sustained unt il Subway was pushed to append the price of the sandwich due to inflation.Much like an ad caned to women of all ages that shows young, thin, energetic girls wearing fashionable clothing, this ad creates false scenarios in the minds of males about a situation that eating this burger will put them in. In the past, the appeals of Burger King ads seemed to be based on humor and were aimed towards a more comprehensive audience. Their ads usually include the advertising mascot of the company, The King, who would often be presented in cockeyed situations. The ad, in no way, alienated any group of people which is wherefore it was kept. The problem in advertising today and particularly in this ad is that companies now allow their products to give off the wrong impression in order to get a rise out of people.Despite its limited release, the unnecessarily sexual nature of the ad sparked much discussion nearly the world. Not long after the backlash, Burger King officials released a statem ent expressing that the ad was not created by their principal advertising agency, but by a more independent Singapore agency. Although the ad was taken down unawares thereafter, this does not change the fact that Burger King knew what they were getting themselves into in allowing this ad to be released. Excessively sexualizing a product could mean much interdict repercussions for a company. Whether Burger King thought they could sell more sandwiches this way or not, they got the publicity that they were striving for. Although the feedback that they were receiving was extremely negative, it triple-crownly got their name in peoples minds which is considered positive for any company.Burger King, by no accident, released an overly sexual ad that could cause any consumer to think twice. In some cases, sex only sells to a point, then it becomes overkill meaning that the ad could work against them if it is deemed too sexual. Done in the right way, sexual ads are very successful but in t hose cases the ads are very subtle and usually focus on some kind of subliminal message. Burger Kings target audience who are predominately young males will certainly have a strong reaction to the ad but will most plausibly not be more inclined to buy the product after seeing it in those terms. This ad is a good example of how pique value gets attention but does not effectively sell a product.

Biology Dna Research Pape Essay

desoxyribonucleic acid is a neb of great use difference-to-end the world. Especially when it comes to the field of rhetorical acquisition, desoxyribonucleic acid is the some important tool of all. What is deoxyribonucleic acid? deoxyribonucleic acid, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is a group of molecules that presentditary information in which guides flummoxment and functioning doneout the body. DNA is to justice as a telescope is to the stars non a less(prenominal)on in biochemistry, not a discover of the wonders of magnifying glass, hardly a way to chit-chat things as they really are.(Barry Scheck and diaphysis Neufeld, Actual Innocence) DNA compose was first developed by 2 different scientists on opposite ends of the world Sir Alec Jeffreys (UK) and Kary Mullis (US). Jeffreys came up with DNA reproduce and Mullis came up with a method callight-emitting diode polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 1984, Sir Alec Jeffreys, a professor from the University of Leicest er, discovered a way of using DNA compendium through fingerprinting. () DNA fingerprinting method apply variations in the inheritable code in order to identify individuals. During Dr.Jeffreys research, he found that certain regions of DNA contained DNA sequences that were repeated over and over again. He alike found that the number of repeated sequences present in a hear can differ between individuals. (John M. Butler) Fingerprinting was first used in an immigration pillow slip to determine the identity of a British boy, who was detained from his family when they had emigrated from g disused coast to the United Kingdom.The first clip DNA testing was used forensically with the patrol was in a major case of two young girls who were sexually assaulted. In 1986 Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth were raped and brutally murdered. Investigators found traces of blood and germ at the sceens. Both crimes were committed in the same village which led police to determine that these crimes were committed by the same creation. A adult male of the village had confessed to both murders. When his blood smack was compared to the semen recovered in that respect was no match to all sample. legal philosophy were determined to find the man that did this so they conducted a mass screen to collect blood samples from each male in all the surrounding villages. everywhere 4000 men were time-tested and none of them came up as matches. A year later a woman had reported to the police that she had overheard a man bragging closely how he had pretended to be his friend, Mr. Colin Pitchfork, and gave a blood sample for him. Police brought in Mr. Pitchfork for questioning and ask him for a blood sample as well.The test results came back and determined that he was a corroborative match for bothsamples of semen that were collected from the crime scenes. Colin Pitchfork was and so sentenced to life in prison. (The Blooding, 1989) During the same year, Kary Mullis with the help of t he human genetics police squad at the Cetus Corporation came up with the PCR technique. Polymerase chain replication is a biochemical applied science in molecular biology to amplify a maven or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. At first when used Mullis didnt want to use thermal cycling because he cherished it to react on its own but in later findings he saw that by using the thermal cycling it sped up the process. caloric cycling of the DNA is when the samples of DNA go through cycles of heating and cool down of the DNA reaction in order for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of DNA. The first time that PCR was used was in a forensic case dealing with show up of locus. Soon after PCR was publicized scientist began to develop many new kinds of PCR. Throughout history technology has helped to produce more than ways of using DNA as a forensic tool. fit in to the East M idlands Forensic Pathology Unit, although accurate and reproducible, this original method of analysis demand the use of a large amount of high quality DNA, which is not always recovered during forensic investigations. Two big breakthroughs occurred during the late eighties and early 1990s that would form the basis of DNA profiling techniques as they are recognized today.(East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit, 2010) An alternative class of DNA marker, the microsatellite or short tandem repeat (STR) marker and an alternative method for DNA visualization, PCR amplification and fluorescent labeling would greatly increase the sensitivity of DNA profiling methods and increase their use for criminal investigation, stated Saferstein (Forensic Science From the Crime pellet and Lab, 2012). Another new development with DNA was Hair DNA Typing. In 1996, the FBI initiated a program to compare human head and pubic fuzzs through mitochondrial DNA. When pulled from the head, hairs bear a follicu lar smidge, which is basically a piece of wander surrounding the hairs shaft near the root. This follicular tag is of great importance because that is the main source of DNA of hair. Recently in the summer of 2011, a cold-case murder of a five year old girl in 1993 was solved by using DNA hair analysis. At the time of the murder police had suspected the girls next door neighbor, forty-one year old Nick Stofer, but because of the lackof evidence the police could not build a case against him. Police had taken blood and hair samples from Stofer but hair DNA typing was not around at the time. gibe to the head emissary in charge, Collins, the scent tracking dogs that had helped them to locate the body continued to make out the scent and led them back to Stofers house. We wanted to put the cuffs on (Stofer) so bad, but we couldnt because the evidence was not there, stated Collins, So over time, the pain, the anguish of not organism able to do that unbroken the fire alive and it was terribly frustrating. Thats why were here today.It may be therapy for us to be able to say its over. All of the work the police and the family and everyone put into it finally came to a conclusion. Over time, DNA analysis has advanced, said Katie Featherston, forensic scientist at the Colorado means of Investigation. In 1993 it was not available at the CBI lab, but over time we have been able to deal with samples that are smaller and smaller, and/or less pristine. Those advances allowed us to do the DNA analysis on this case. In the end Stofer was found guilty but could not be arrested because Stofer had passed away a few years before. (ABC, September 2011) The final major part of the DNA typing process is the way it is collected and preserved. If not taken awe of properly the DNA will not hold up as evidence for a court case. Any piece of clothing or material that is found in a crime scene is to be taken care of lightly with minimum contact. (Criminalistics,2007) Safety considera tions and the avoidance of contaminant calls for the wearing of face masks, latex gloves, shoe covers, and possibly coveralls. In most forensic labs and teams, evidence is required to be photographed and collected in either a paper envelope or a plastic Ziploc bag.According to scientist by the evidence being kept in these envelops and bags itll keep the evidence from being damaged. Also if there seems to be any possibility of fingerprints at the scene anything with a surface will be dusted and taken to come out a genetic fingerprint to compare to in the system. (Anthony J. Bertino, Forensic Science) Since DNA typing was discovered there have been many inventions. At internal DNA tests, paternity tests, genetics testing. Now a days technology is so advanced with DNA typing that women who are pregnant directly can know if their baby will come out with brown, red, blond or no hair, if their baby will have blue, green, brown, or filbert eyes. They can raze find out if their child will have any genetic disorder. All because of Jeffreys and Mullisdiscoveries with DNA. So as you can see throughout the years DNA typing has changed drastically throughout the years. It went from being something of an experimental value to an important forensic tool. And with the help of technology it has gotten even better. Not only is the typing helpful but the DNA, itself is a major part of it. Without DNA none of these analyses would be possible. DNA has change science and the world all at the same time.